CCNA learning: TCP/IP Protocol Stack
TCP/IP model;
3-way process;
OSI vs TCP/IP
TCP/IP model:
Application layer (Top three layers)
Host to host layer (Transport layer)
Internet layer(Network layer)
Network access layer(Data link layer + Physical layer)
Application layer:
File transfer: TFTP, FTP, NFS
EMAIL: SMTP, POP3
Remote Access: TELNET, RLOGIN
Network Management: SNMP
Name Management: DNS
Host to host layer:
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol (Connection Oriented)
UDP: User Datagram Protocol (Connectionless)
TCP PORT:
21: FTP
23: TELNET
25: SMTP
53: DNS
UDP PORT:
53: DNS
69: TFTP
161: SNMP
520: RIP(ROUTE PROTOCOL)
3-way handshark (Host A <-> Host B)
1. Host A: send SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN)
Check: netstat -an command "SYN_SENT"
2. Host B: send SYN, ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=SYN,ACK)
3. Host A: send ACK(seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ACK)
4. Connection Established
Check: netstat -an command "ESTABLISHED"
TCP Data Transfer: Source Dest. Seq. Ack
1. Host A: send 1 Data format: 1028 23 1 1
2. Host B: receive 1; send ACK 2 23 1028 1 2
3. Host A: send 2 1028 23 2 1
4. Host B: receive 2; send ACK 3 23 1028 2 3
...
TCP Windows Type Data Transfer:
1. Host A: Window size=3 send 1, send 2, send 3
2. Host B: ACK 3 Window size =2
3. Host A: Window size =2 send 3, send 4
4. Host B: ACK 5 Window size =2
5. Host A: Winodw size=2 send 5, send 6
...
Internet layer
IP: Internet Protocol
ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
Protocol Number:
6 --> TCP
17 --> UDP
ICMP: ping, tracert
ARP: IP map MAC address
RARP: MAC address map IP
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