Linux install software

三种安装方式：

网上下载安装，类似windows补丁

源代码包安装

1. 压缩与解压缩：

后缀为gz：gzip压缩。解压：gunzip 文件名 压缩：gzip

后缀bz2：bzip2压缩。解压：bunzup2 文件名 压缩：bzip2

直接使用tar解压。解压：tar xvf 文件名

打包：tar cvf 文件名文件夹

打包加bzip2压缩：tar cvfj 文件名 -C 文件夹

打包加gzip压缩：tar cvfz 文件名 -C 文件夹

Recommendation: target folder /usr/src

2. 运行configure

如果有readme，按照其中要求运行，否则使用：

./configure --prefix=指定安装路径

Recommendation: target folder /usr/local/<software name>

3. 安装过程中报错

例如：显示缺少ncurses-devel

yum search ncurses-devel

yum install ncurses-devel.i386

4. 如果还有其他报错，查看软件帮助，可能需要安装时带参数

5. 输入命令：make

6. 输入命令：make install

7. 到指定安装路径，运行程序

Additional

If error happen, run command "make clear" to clean the files and redo configure.

rpm安装

rpm command to install

rpm -ivh <rpm file>: install application

rpm -uvh <rpm file>: update application

rpm -qf <file>: check file belong to which rpm file

rpm -qpl <rpm file>: check rpm file context

rpm -qpi <rpm file>: check rpm application description

rpm -Vf <rpm file>: verify the rpm file

rpm -k <rpm file>: verify the rpm file

rpm -e <rpm file>: uninstall application

(use command to find out the package name and delete

Example:

rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

rpm -e MySQL-devel-advanced-5.6.20-1.rhel5)

rpm --import RPM-GPG-KEY...: import key file

rpm-build <rpm file>: configure the application

rpm --force <rpm file>: force install

rpm --nodeps <rpm file>: ignore the dependent

rpm --test <rpm file>: test install

rpm file: devel --> head file *.h(system head file /usr/include)

if file end with ".src.rpm", need to use "rpm --recompile <rpm file>" to install

rpm database broken, rebuild rpm database:

1. rpm --initdb

2. rpm --rebuilddb

yum install

默认的RHEL配置的是网络安装，首先需要手工配置。

1. 将RHEL安装光盘mount到文件系统中：

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

2. 检查其中是否有Server和VT两个文件夹，这两个中存放rpm安装包

3. 修改配置文件：/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo

原文：

[rhel-debuginfo]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/$basearch/Debuginfo/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

RHEL5 修改：

[Server]
name=Server
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[VT]
name=VT
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/VT
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

RHEL 6 修改：

[Package]
name=Package
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

RHEL 7：

[rhel-package]

name=rhel-package

baseurl=file:///mnt

enable=1

gpgcheck=0

4. 验证：yum list

(Linux 6.0) yum grouplist

正常结果能显示出一大堆软件列表。

5. 安装：yum install 安装软件名

yum groupinstall 安装软件系列

例如：yum install gcc

yum groupinstall "X Window System" 

CentOS 6.5: yum groupinstall "X Window System" "Desktop"

配置本地yum库（可以自动分析依赖关系）

1. 安装createrepo包

yum install createrepo

2. 将下载的rpm放置到统一的文件夹中

例如：mkdir /yum

cp *.rpm /yum

3. 创建report

cd /

createrepo /yum

4. 修改yum配置文件

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
添加如下内容：

[yum]
name=yum
baseurl=file:///yum
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

5. 清空yum记录

yum clean all

6. 新建yum记录

yum list

后续：

直接删除指定安装路径的文件夹即可

yum查询

查看文件来自哪个包：yum whatprovide XXXX

例如：yum whatprovide ld-linux.so.2

搭建FTP的yum

将光盘复制在服务器的/var/ftp/pub下

修改/etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo文件

[Server]

name=Server

baseurl=ftp://<ip address>/pub/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

Yum related parameters

yum clean all = 1. yum clean package + 2. yum clean headers

yum list install: check installed packages

yum install <package name>: install

yum remove <package name>: uninstall

yum search <package name>: check package

yum info <package name>: check the dependency of the package

yum check-update: check update

yum update: install update

Install rpm module (NTFS)

1. download www.linux-ntfs.org

2. install: rpm -ivh kernel-module-ntfs...rpm

3. check the location: rpm -qpl kernel-module-ntfs...rpm

4. If the kernel version is different from the system, copy the ko file into system kenerl folder

mkdir /lib/module/.../ntfs

cp /lib/module/.../ntfs/ntfs.ko /lib/module/.../ntfs/ntfs.ko

5. insert the module:

a. insmod <module>

or b. modprobe ntfs

6. check the module list: lsmod

7. check the dependency of module: modinfo <module>

8. delete module: rmmod <module> or modprobe -r <module>

RHEL7 check yum package: yum whatprovides <item>

enable epel

## RHEL/CentOS 7 64-Bit ##

# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm

## RHEL/CentOS 6 32-Bit ##

# wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

## RHEL/CentOS 6 64-Bit ##

# wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

## RHEL/CentOS 5 32-Bit ##

# wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

## RHEL/CentOS 5 64-Bit ##

# wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

## RHEL/CentOS 4 32-Bit ##

# wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/4/i386/epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm

## RHEL/CentOS 4 64-Bit ##

# wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/4/x86_64/epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm

# rpm -ivh epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm

When you want to downgrade the package: yum downgrade <package name>

Example

system already installed libstdc++-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64

but other package need libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

input command: yum downgrade libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64